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VOLT LAB / GLOBAL

52 ϟ

52 calculators. Clear formulas and interactive charts.

Ω

Ohm's law

U = R × I · P = U × I

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△

Power triangle

S = P / cos φ · Q = P × tan φ

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≋

Series and parallel resistance

Rserie = ΣR · 1/Rparallell = Σ(1/R)

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↧

Voltage divider

Uut = Uin × R₂ / (R₁ + R₂)

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⑂

Current divider

I₁ = I × R₂/(R₁ + R₂)

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3φ

Three-phase power

I = P / (√3 × U × cos φ)

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∿

RLC impedance

Z = √(R² + (Xᴸ − Xᶜ)²)

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⊣

Capacitor

Xᶜ = 1/(2πfC) · E = ½CU²

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Hz

Frequency and period

T = 1/f · ω = 2πf

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φ

Power factor correction

Qc = P × (tan φ₁ − tan φ₂)

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ΔU

Voltage drop

ΔU ≈ k × I × R × cos φ

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ρ

Cable resistance

R = ρ₂₀ × [1 + α(T − 20)] × L/A

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Iκ

Short-circuit current

Ik = c × U₀ / √(R² + X²)

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A

Load current

I = P / (k × U × cos φ)

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mm²

Cable data check

Iz = Iztabell × kt × kg

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M

Motor power

I = Pmek / (η × √3 × U × cos φ)

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rpm

Speed and slip

ns = 120f/p · n = ns(1 − s)

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kWh

Energy cost

E = P × t · Kostnad = E × pris

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N₁

Transformer

U₁/U₂ = N₁/N₂ = I₂/I₁

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▰

Battery runtime

t ≈ U × Ah × DoD × η / P

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ΣI

Kirchhoff: two nodes

ΣIin = ΣIut · IAB = IA + IB · I₂ = IAB + IC

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⑂

Kirchhoff: branch currents

I = I₁ + I₂ · I₁ = I − I₂

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ΣU

Kirchhoff's voltage law

U − U₁ − U₂ = 0 · U₂ = U − U₁

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2R

Two resistors: voltage, current, power

Serie: R = R₁ + R₂ · Parallell: R = R₁R₂/(R₁ + R₂) · P = UI = I²R = U²/R

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R∥

Mixed resistor circuit

Rp = R₁R₂/(R₁ + R₂) · Rtot = Rs + Rp · I = U/Rtot · Up = I × Rp · I₁ = Up/R₁ · P = I²R

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E

Source internal resistance

Ib = E/(Ri + Rb) · Ub = E − IbRi = IbRb

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RL

RL series circuit

XL = 2πfL · Z = √(R² + XL²) · I = U/Z · φ = arctan(XL/R)

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UI

AC power from voltage and current

S = kUI · P = S cos φ · Q = S sin φ · k = 1 eller √3

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RC

RC charging

Uc = U(1 − exp(−t/RC))

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RC

RC discharging

Uc = U₀ exp(−t/RC)

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RL

RL current transient

I = (U/R)(1 − exp(−tR/L))

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LC

LC resonance

f₀ = 1/(2π√(LC))

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LP

RC low-pass filter

fc = 1/(2πRC) · |H| = 1/√(1 + (2πfRC)²)

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HP

RC high-pass filter

fc = 1/(2πRC) · |H| = x/√(1+x²), x = 2πfRC

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√2

RMS and peak voltage

Û = √2 Urms · Upp = 2Û

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XL

Inductive reactance

XL = 2πfL

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J

Inductor energy

E = ½LI²

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C∥

Parallel capacitors

C = C₁ + C₂ + C₃

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Cs

Series capacitors

1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃

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LED

LED series resistor

R = (U − Uf)/I · PR = (U − Uf)I

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Q

Joule heating

Q = I²Rt

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I²R

Conductor power loss

Pförlust = I²R

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ρ

Resistivity

ρ = RA/L

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YΔ

Star–delta resistance

RΔ = 3RY

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Nm

Motor torque

M = P/ω · ω = 2πn/60

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s

Slip from rotor speed

s = (ns − n)/ns · fr = |s|f

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η

Efficiency

η = Put/Pin

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EV

EV charging time

t = C(SOCslut − SOCstart)/(Pη)

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Bs

Batteries in series

Userie = nU · Ahserie = Ah

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B∥

Batteries in parallel

Uparallell = U · Ahparallell = nAh

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dB

Voltage gain in dB

G = 20 log₁₀(Uut/Uin)

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dB

Power gain in dB

G = 10 log₁₀(Put/Pin)

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